Large-scale models of fluid flow through fractures are almost exclusively based on Poiseuille flow (the cubic law). When the fracture aperture is time and/or spatially varying, flow is transient, and/or flow rates are modest (Re≥1), Poiseuille flow predictions can deviate substantially from the full Navier–Stokes solution and generally do not satisfy conservation of energy. A new Reduced Dimension

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of drought stress on some ecophysiological characteristics of sunflower cultivars. This study was conducted in the form of split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Braun area of Isfahan province for the year 2020. Drought stress at three irrigation levels after evaporation of 90, 120, and 150?mm from Class A evaporation

Quantitative descriptions of the temporal and spatial variations of volumetric water content and total water potential in unsaturated soils have for more than nine decades focused on diffusive mechanisms as represented by the Richards equation (Richards, 1931). However, recent laboratory studies (Lo et al., 2017) have revealed short-time transient behavior of water in non-deforming unsaturated soils

This study investigates the transport of Radon (222Rn) which is the second leading cause of lung cancer after smoking. A new and optimized finite element numerical model (FERM-1D, Finite Element Radon Modeling in one dimension) of Radon transport is developed and tested with analytical models’ solutions under different conditions in addition to verification against field data for soils with multi-layer

In the loess region of northwest China, the accumulation of soluble salt in the soil due to the capillary rise of water often damages earthen buildings. Thus, studies on the cutting off of the capillary-rise path are vital. As a hydrophobicity inducer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution with water as the solvent has the potential to function as a barrier. This study mainly aims to evaluate the feasibility

Cutoff walls have been widely used to control seawater intrusion (SWI) in coastal regions. However, previous research mainly focused on the protective effect of cutoff wall on the upstream groundwater system, the downstream groundwater deterioration of coastal aquifers (between the cutoff wall and sea) induced by the installation of cutoff walls was not clarified yet. We implemented indoor experiments

As coastal areas become more vulnerable to climatic impacts, the need for understanding estuarine carbon budgets with sufficient spatiotemporal resolution arises. Under various hydrologic extremes ranging from drought to hurricane-induced flooding, a mass balance model has been constructed for carbon fluxes and their variabilities in four estuaries along the northwestern Gulf of Mexico (nwGOM) coast

Rough-walled fractures in rock masses, as preferential pathways, largely influence fluid flow, solute and energy transport. Previous studies indicate that fracture aperture fields could be significantly modified due to shear displacement along fractures. We report experimental observations and quantitative analyses of flow path evolution within a single fracture, induced by shear displacement. Particle

Solubility trapping of carbon dioxide (CO2) in deep saline aquifers is considered an effective mechanism of carbon storage. The dissolution of CO2 in aquifer brine may result in gravitational instability, which triggers convective mixing (similar to the well-known Rayleigh-Bénard convection problem). The process starts with the diffusion of CO2 into the brine, followed by the onset of convection (tc)

Groundwater is a key component of the global hydrological cycle. Quantitative approaches to estimate the spatial and temporal changes in groundwater storage (GWS) could provide solid foundation for sustainable management. This study made a comprehensive comparison of GWS changes based on two independent approaches: the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model and Gravity Recovery and

To better understand the river thermal regime alteration caused by anthropogenic disturbances, we propose a framework to assess the alteration degree of thermal regime in a regulated river. In this framework, 23 temperature metrics including existing and newly developed temperature parameters, are used to characterize river thermal alteration and are organized into four groups, i.e., Magnitude, Timing

In a complex water-rock system that contains clay (or/and organic matter) and carbonates, multiple factors can affect specific isotopic compositions or ratios of fluids, such as the adsorption-desorption and dissolution-precipitation of the related minerals. In this situation, the Rayleigh model is inappropriate for simulating the pore fluid isotopic data, and the ultimate mechanism causing isotopic

The accurate estimation of precipitation has a basis for atmospheric and hydrological applications. However, large uncertainties exist in the estimation of regional precipitation derived solely from remote sensing data. Herein, we develop an effective method to fuse multiple satellite-based precipitation products to capitalize on their strengths and maximize their applicability at the 0.25° resolution

Understanding the hydrological alterations caused by climate change and human activities and the underlying impact factors are essential for sustainable water resource management in river basins. Several statistical methods, particularly the Indicator of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA), have been successfully employed to assess the degree of hydrologic alteration. This study proposed a new approach, the