I posit that political corruption affects firms through an entrenchment between entrepreneurs and politicians instead of coercive extortion. Based on this postulate, I refute the claim that firms in a more corrupt environment hold less cash due to liquid assets sheltering from political extraction. Instead, I propose that firms in a more corrupt environment hold less cash because of the high cost of

We use the COVID shock to study the direct and interactive effects of several forms of corporate flexibility on short- and long-term real business plans. We find that i) workplace flexibility, namely the ability for employees to work remotely, plays a central role in determining firms’ employment plans during the health crisis; ii) investment flexibility allows firms to increase or decrease capital

I link deviations from forward-spot parity for currencies and commodities. The key is to think of the U.S. dollar as a “commodity.” When commodity spot prices are too high compared to futures, arbitrageurs will short the commodity and bank dollars. When physical scarcity constrains commodity borrowing, the result is a positive convenience yield. In the currency space, it is the dollar itself that needs

The purpose of this paper is to establish an interpretable system to describe the growth mechanism of small and micro enterprises (SMEs) under the tech-economic paradigm and develop a new measurement method for growth performance. Based on stochastic resonance theory, as the inherent capital-product switches are applied with capital driving and risk incentive, SMEs’ growth might exhibit an optimal

This paper finds that the level of industry classification plays a significant role in the performance of industry momentum strategies. From 1963 to 2018, it appears that using higher levels of classification generates higher positive returns, while using granular level generates results that display short- and mid-term reversal patterns. In addition, the performance of industry momentum strategies

Information technology (IT) is meant to improve bank performance by lowering operational costs and improving the process of financial intermediation of banks. However, the empirical evidence has failed to reach a consensus on the precise effects of IT on bank performance as some find evidence to concur with the Solow Paradox, while others contradict this paradox. The heterogeneity in the quality of

This paper uses institutional ownership data and order flow information to document and explain equity trading patterns prior to chapter 11 bankruptcy filing.We provide a model that predicts trading activity prior to filing which results from a difference of opinion amongst different types of investors about whether the firm should be liquidated. We then test trading data to show that trading activity

An increasing amount of companies is transforming their IT departments towards cross-functional teams which are responsible for both development and operation of software and use automation to speed up their delivery process. This novel approach, which is commonly known as “DevOps”, promises many benefits such as increased speed and frequency of deployment. However, companies using DevOps are often

We provide first evidence of the multiscale comovement of correlations between the S&P 500 VIX and the VIXs of Amazon, Apple, Google, Goldman Sachs, and IBM. Using grey correlation and wavelet analysis on daily data (July 2011 - September 2021), the dynamics of grey-based correlations vary across scales and depend on the fluctuation intensity of the medium time–frequency domains. The lead–lag relationships

Nonferrous metal markets are wildly discussed for their ultimate importance in industry production. However, the interactions among major international nonferrous metal futures, especially their extreme connectedness at different time frequencies (horizons), are rarely recognized. This paper investigates the normal and extreme interactions at various time frequencies among twelve major international

Flight-to-safety (FTS) episodes are associated with substantial yet short-lived changes in expected returns on equities and bonds. These price changes are typically surrounded by active trading and/or risk transfer between different investors. Using aggregate net exchanges, flows from bond to equity mutual funds, in the US for a period 1984 until 2015, I empirically investigate retail investor behavior

Research on conference calls documents that the question and answer (Q&A) portion is informative to markets. However, prior studies focus on the attributes of the participating individuals, primarily managers and analysts. We instead use the conversation as our unit of analysis, and examine whether conversational engagement between managers and analysts in earnings calls is informative to market participants

As a new form of digital assets based on blockchain technology, the cryptocurrency has received increasing attention from researchers and practitioners. However, less attention has been paid to their joint dynamics from the perspective of portfolio management. This paper investigates the dependence dynamics across four major cryptocurrencies and their economic importance in portfolio management using

This paper presents an agent-based model consisting of multiple households, multiple firms, one commercial bank and one central bank, with the aim of demonstrating loan defaults drive business cycles via credit creation. The simulations show us explicit patterns of cycles for some key variables and possible underlying mechanisms are proposed. We construct a SVAR model on the simulation data, and the

This article derives a closed-form pricing formula for European exchange options under a non-Gaussian framework for the underlying assets, intending to resolve mispricing associated with a geometric Brownian motion. The dynamics of each of the two correlated underlying assets are assumed to be governed by the exponential of a skew-Brownian motion, which is specified as a sum of a standard Brownian

We examine the influence of institutional ownership stability on corporate social performance (CSP). We find that stable institutional ownership is associated with higher CSP, after controlling for the percentage of institutional ownership. The result is robust to alternative measures of CSP and various techniques to address endogeneity concerns. Additional analysis shows that this positive relation

This study examines whether environmental, social, and governance (ESG) engagement affects firms’ earnings management (EM) behavior in a multicountry set up. Employing the Tobit and panel regression framework and considering performance-matched measure of EM, we show that ESG performance substantially reduces opportunistic firms’ EM behavior. Moreover, the civil law code and superior credit rights

In this paper, we explore how trading restriction in terms of significantly increased cost for futures contracts impacts trading activities of futures and options written on the same underlying asset. In particular, we are interested in examining whether the two derivatives markets complement each other or are substitutes. Using daily data of futures and options written on the Shanghai Stock Exchange

The financial risk early warning process of enterprises faces problems such as uncertainty and complexity. In the big data environment, scholars and enterprises that continue to use traditional evaluation methods will face large challenges. It is essential for an enterprise's sustainable operation to combine artificial intelligence algorithms, dynamically monitor its financial risks, and carry out

Miller (1977)’s short-sale constraints hypothesis and Merton (1987)’s investor recognition hypothesis infer opposite relationships between ownership breadth and future stock returns. We find the mixed empirical evidence in prior literature comes from opposite effects of positive and negative breadth changes on returns. The breadth-future return relationship is positive when breadth decreases, whereas

Interested in fundamental analysis and inspired by Bartram and Grinblatt (2018 & 2021), we apply linear regression (LR) and tree-based machine learning (ML) methods to estimate monthly peer-implied fair values of European stocks from 21 accounting variables. Comparing LR and ML models, we document substantial heterogeneity in the importance of predictors as measured by SHAP values. Examining trading

This paper examines the effect of stock pledge restriction (SPR) on the firm's investment efficiency. By introducing a plausibly exogenous stock pledge regulation, we find that SPR promotes the improvement of investment efficiency, which is mainly reflected in the reduction of overinvestment. Furthermore, the positive association between SPR and investment efficiency is more particularly pronounced

Exploring the staggered adoption of state constituency statutes as quasi-exogenous shocks, we find that enforcement of stakeholder orientation encourages corporate investment, especially for younger and more opaque firms, which is consistent with the top-down theory of capital budgeting of Almazan et al. (2017). Our evidence suggests that corporate insiders have a catering motive in investment decisions:

This paper examines insiders' informational privilege by studying the nexus between aggregated self-reported insider trades and Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU). We demonstrate that firm insiders act in response to the first signs of uncertainty as it appears in the media, and high-ranked managers, such as CEOs and CFOs, react more promptly than other insiders. Our findings further support the idea

This study uses panel data on Vietnamese commercial banks from 2008 to 2018 in order to investigate the role of strategic interactions in determining bank risk-taking behavior by considering bank asset growth. The results suggest that aggressive competition is less favorable for banks striving for stability and that a high value of competitive strategy measure (as a proxy for strategic interactions)

This paper studies the tail dependence among carbon prices, green and non-green cryptocurrencies. Using daily closing prices of carbon, green and non-green cryptocurrencies from 2017 to 2021 and a quantile connectedness framework, we find evidence of asymmetric tail dependence among these markets, with stronger dependence during highly volatile periods. Moreover, carbon prices are largely disconnected

We re-examine US mutual fund performance persistence. We investigate persistence (i) using both “academic” factor models and “practitioner” index models, (ii) using decile-size recursive portfolios and also portfolios formed from smaller numbers of funds, (iii) using nonparametric bootstrap p-values as well as conventional t-tests and (iv) using both net-of-fee fund returns (net alphas) and gross alphas

In this paper, we study the long memory behavior of Bitcoin, Litecoin, Ethereum, Ripple, Monero, and Dash with a focus on the COVID-19 period. Initially, we apply a time-varying Lifting method to estimate the Hurst exponent for each cryptocurrency. Then we test for a change in persistence over time. To model the multivariate connectivity, the wavelet-based multivariate long memory approach proposed

This study examines financial contagion effects in African stock markets during major crises over the period 2005 to 2020. We investigate contagion effects in individual stock markets and from a regional perspective using dynamic conditional correlations during the global financial crisis, European debt crisis, Brexit, and COVID-19. The empirical evidence confirms contagion effects in some individual

We explore the dynamic tail risk in the Bitcoin market by jointly estimating value-at-risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES) using the conditional autoregressive value-at-risk (CAViaR) model. To enable more accurate measurement, we construct a Markov regime-switching (MS) model in which the time-varying transition probability is driven by the information contained in asset price bubbles. This is motivated

Announcements of stock-financed mergers and acquisitions (M&As) may attract short selling of bidder shares by merger arbitrageurs. We hypothesize that bidders with higher short-selling potential include a higher proportion of cash in their M&A payments to mitigate stock price declines resulting from arbitrage short sales. Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that the ex ante net lending supply

This study explores whether NielsenIQ scanner data from U.S. retailers contain incremental information about the GAAP revenue of corresponding manufacturers. Using retail product/store/week data from 2006 to 2018, we construct a measure of aggregated consumer purchases at the manufacturer/quarter level, and find that it strongly predicts GAAP revenues. In addition, analyst forecasts of revenues have

We examine the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and global risk factors on the upside and downside price spillovers of MSCI global, building, financial, industrial, and utility green bonds (GBs). Using copulas, CoVaR, and quantile regression approaches, we show symmetric tail dependence between MSCI global GB and both building and utility GBs. Moreover, the upper tail dependence between MSCI global

This study conducts an empirical comparison of how well alternative models of credit spreads explain CDS prices on 145 companies over the 2008–2019 interval. The results indicate that credit spreads are most closely related to theories which incorporate the likelihood of income insolvency into measures of the risk of jumps to default, with over half of individual CDS prices being explained, both during

In this cross-country study, we examine whether dividend payout decisions affect the survival likelihood of banks. Using unique international banking data from 11 countries from 2010 to 2019, we find that higher levels of cash dividend payouts increase a bank's survival likelihood, as paying dividends lowers agency problems and cost of debt and facilitates greater public monitoring. Our extended analysis

The US real estate market presents itself as a highly capital intensive business and therefore an important part of the US economy. We examine the presence of dependence between 50 US financial REITs from 1st January 2006 to 20th July 2020 categorized into small, medium and large REITs. We apply normal and threshold dependence measures as main tests and centrality networking based on the minimum spanning

We employ a time-lagged panel regression model to investigate the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance on financial performance. The study is aimed at overcoming the ambiguities and recurring methodological inaccuracies of previous research; accordingly, it endorses a comprehensive metric for both dimensions. Using a sample of 350 European listed companies observed from

We estimate a structural model of resource allocation on work hours of Federal Reserve bank supervisors to disentangle how supervisory technology, preferences, and resource constraints impact bank outcomes. We find a significant effect of supervision on bank risk and large technological scale economies with respect to bank size. Consistent with macroprudential objectives, revealed supervisory preferences

This paper documents the existence of a persistent component in consumption growth. We take a novel approach using news coverage to capture investor concern about economic growth prospects. We provide evidence that consumption growth is highly predictable over long horizons – our measure explains between 23% and 38% of cumulative future consumption growth at the five-year horizon and beyond. Furthermore

This study compares the dynamic spillover effects of gold and Bitcoin prices on the oil and stock market during the COVID-19 pandemic via time-varying parameter vector autoregression. Both time-varying and time-point results indicate that gold is a safe haven for oil and stock markets during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, unlike gold, Bitcoin's response is the opposite, rejecting the safe haven property

Robinhood investors increased their holdings in the March 2020 COVID bear market, indicating an absence of collective panic and margin calls. This steadfastness was rewarded in the subsequent bull market. Despite unusual interest in some “experience” stocks (e.g., cannabis stocks), they tilted primarily towards stocks with high past share volume and dollar-trading volume (themselves mostly big stocks)

Recent work uses option prices to derive lower bounds for the risk premia of the market portfolio and individual stocks. We test the bounds conditionally. We cannot reject that they are valid, but we do reject that they are tight. Using the market bounds as forecasts appears unreasonable in many cases due to their high slackness. Adding past mean slackness is a potential improvement but is hampered

We analyze how individuals reinvest realized capital gains and losses exploiting plausibly exogenous sales due to mutual fund liquidations. Individuals reinvest 83% if a forced sale results in a gain relative to the initial investment; but reinvest only 40% in the event of a loss. This difference is statistically significant for more than six months and arises because many individuals forced to realize

Using loan-level data from Germany, we investigate how the introduction of model-based capital regulation affected banks' ability to absorb shocks. The objective of this regulation was to enhance financial stability by making capital requirements responsive to asset risk. Our evidence suggests that banks “optimized” model-based regulation to lower their capital requirements. Banks systematically underreported

We study market dynamics when an owner learns about the quality of her asset over time. Since this information is private, the owner sells strategically to a less informed buyer following sufficient negative information. In response, market prices feature a “U-shape” and trading probabilities a “hump-shape” with respect to the time to sale. As the owner initially acquires greater information, buyers

While Kosowski et?al.(2006) and Fama and French (2010) both evaluate whether mutual funds outperform, their conclusions are very different. We reconcile their findings. We show that the Fama-French method suffers from an undersampling problem that leads to a failure to reject the null hypothesis of zero alpha, even when some funds generate economically large risk-adjusted returns. In contrast, Kosowski

We evaluate the impact of the Federal Reserve corporate credit facilities (PMCCF and SMCCF) on corporate bond markets. Conditions in primary markets improve once the facilities are announced, particularly for issuers that need to refinance before 2022. Issuance accelerates before spreads normalize. The secondary market points to a causal role for the facilities, with a differential impact on eligible

In this paper, we investigate the herding behaviour of two types of cryptocurrencies, referred to as ”black/dirty” and ”green/clean” based on their energy usage levels. Empirical results reveal that herding generally exists only in the dirty cryptocurrency market, and is more significant in down markets. Moreover, we find that clean cryptocurrencies do herd, but with dirty cryptocurrencies, when the

We investigate whether the inclusion of NFTs in portfolio investing in traditional assets provides a significant diversification benefit for constructing a well-diversified portfolio. We examine Pearson’s correlation, the Gerber Statistic for co-movement, and the spillover index for volatility transmission. Our findings suggest that NFTs are distinct from traditional assets, potentially resulting in

This paper examines how changes in accounting practices during a crisis can affect organisational dynamics between hospital managers and clinicians. Our theoretical framework applies a multi-dimensional concept of power (Hardy, 1996) – which distinguishes power over resources, processes and meaning – to a longitudinal case study of a public university hospital during a budgetary crisis. Based on interviews

This paper modifies the traditional DCC-MIDAS model by incorporating the climate policy risk to examine its effect on the correlations between high- and low-carbon assets. Our results show that the climate policy risk has a negative effect on the long-term correlations between high- and low-carbon assets, although the extent of this effect varies across different asset categories. The results of portfolio

This study aims to develop and evaluate a model that seeks to measure the impact of Accounting Information System Quality, Internal Control System Quality and Non-Financial Information Quality on company success (Decision-Making Success and Non-Financial Performance). This model is empirically tested with data obtained from the managers of 381 Portuguese companies. We use structural equation modelling

In recent years, with the verification of the carbon market's effectiveness in conserving energy and mitigating emissions, accurate carbon price prediction has attracted the interest of researchers and investors. However, carbon price forecasting is widely considered intractable due to its various non-stationary properties. A novel data-driven carbon prices forecasting approach using online news data

This study examines whether we can learn from the behavior of blockchain-based transfers to predict the financing of terrorist attacks. We exploit blockchain transaction transparency to map millions of transfers for hundreds of large on-chain service providers. The mapped dataset permits us to empirically conduct several analyses. First, we analyze abnormal transfer volume in the vicinity of large-scale

In this article, we examine the influence of income diversification on systemic risk, using quarterly data from 42 publicly traded banks operating across six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries over the period from January 2008 to December 2020. Our main finding is that diversification decreases systemic risk, and such effect is stronger in Islamic banks compared to their conventional counterparts

How much the largest worldwide companies, belonging to different sectors of the economy, are suffering from the pandemic? Are economic relations among them changing? In this paper, we address such issues by analyzing the top 50 S&P companies by means of market and textual data. Our work proposes a network analysis model that combines such two types of information to highlight the connections among

This paper analyses the relationship between price clustering and trade volume in the Ether, Ripple and Litecoin cryptocurrencies. We examine at which digits price clustering exists and study the behaviour at different price levels and time frames. By using recent data to provide an updated view of price clustering in the cryptocurrency market, we find a remarkable level of price clustering at round

This paper studies the effect of green finance on decarbonization. Using a large sample of 46 countries, we show that green finance significantly reduces carbon emissions in the short and long run. This effect is driven by green bonds issued to support waste and pollution control and improve energy efficiency. The impact of green finance on carbon emissions is more pronounced in developed credit markets

The price fluctuation of cryptocurrencies represented by Bitcoin has nonlinear structure characteristics. We select the Bitcoin closing price data from 2013 to 2021, and use GARCH (1,1)-GED to fit the volatility series. We confirm that Bitcoin price Fluctuation has nonlinear dynamics through BDS test, Hurst exponent, correlation dimension test and Lyapunov exponent. We find that the price fluctuation