Due to high operation cost of dedicated inspection vehicles, conventional pavement management systems (PMS) suffer from limited data quantity collected from periodic inspections. However, increasing market penetration of connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) offers opportunities to monitor pavement conditions more frequently through sensors, including vision cameras and accelerometers, originally installed

Monitoring unsafe operations of construction machines is important for reducing accidents on sites. To automate safety monitoring, this paper studies pose estimation of construction machines, which describes their motions in 3D space. Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) is considered accurate, cost-saving and user-friendly for estimating the pose of machines. Nevertheless, the complexity and instability

The geotechnical stability of an inclined multilayer capping depends on the shear strength available along the various interfaces. If the slope is very steep an additional reinforcing geosynthetic may be used to obtain a safer condition. Full-scale field trials can provide better resolution data on the reinforcement behaviour than conventional calculation methods based only on laboratory tests. The

Recent events have forced building managers to examine energy use during vacant periods and revealed miscellaneous electrical loads (MELs) as an opportunity for savings. This paper addresses a key step in unlocking these savings, specifically the reliable identification of when a building is vacant. A Vacancy Inference Engine (VIE), using sensor fusion, was developed to identify vacant periods based

From its internal representation of a building, or, its building world, a robot can retrieve a building's information for task planning and execution. However, a building is a complex construct composed of thousands of sub-elements, therefore manually programming the complete lifecycle information in a robot can be impractical. Our study presents the creation of a semantic building world from a building

During seismic performance-based design for building structures, the accuracy of limit states criteria is directly related to its real damage state and retrofitting measures after the earthquake. As a new type of structures, diagrid structure has a special way of bearing force. Firstly, in order to accurately estimate the deformation capacity and energy dissipation mechanism under horizontal loads

The self-centering prestressed concrete (SCPC) frame has been developed and showed excellent seismic toughness; however, interaction between conventional infill wall and the SCPC frame weakened the seismic performance. In this study, an innovative SCPC frame with sliding infill walls (SCPC-SIW) frame is proposed and investigated. The structural configuration and working principle of the SCPC-SIW frame

With the accelerated urbanization and population growth in the Yangtze River Delta of China, numerous metro tunnels are in operation or under construction, and adjacent deep excavation activities are frequently encountered. For curved shield tunnels, the impact of excavation-induced ground movements is more complicated due to their asymmetric shape. This paper presents the monitoring results of a curved

This article presents a full-scale experiment on the effect of EPBS tunnelling on pile foundations in the Paris area. Three cast in-situ piles, instrumented with strain gauges and optical fibre cables, were installed at different distances from tunnel axis with various pile base positions to monitor pile strains as the EPBS progresses. This paper investigates pile – soil differential settlements at

The stability evaluation of underground entry-type excavations is a prerequisite of the entry-type mining method, which directly affects whether workers can be provided with a safe and reliable working environment and whether subsequent mining operations can be carried out normally. The design and stability assessment of entry-type excavations in current mining engineering largely relies on an empirical

Geotextiles have been used for drainage purposes in pavements for many years. To drain water out of road sections, the geotextiles need to get wet first. In this study, the wettability of three different types of geotextiles, namely wicking woven (WW) geotextile, non-wicking woven (NWW) geotextile, and nonwoven (NW) geotextile, was investigated in terms of their contact angles dependent on water-geotextile

To investigate the influence of dynamic structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI) on the responses of two adjacent structures, shaking table tests were conducted on a series of scaled soil-structure interaction (SSI) systems and SSSI systems, where the influence of structure size, structure spacing and seismic records on SSSI was considered. To further investigate the SSSI effect, a three-dimensional

The cooling load-based optimal control is an advanced technology for the efficient operation of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC). Thus, the prediction reliability of cooling load plays a key role in HVAC's optimal control. Current publications primarily focused on the structure optimization of prediction models, while less on the clustering-based cooling load prediction. However, the

In this study, processed waste tea ash (PWTA) generated by the boiler combustion of processed solid waste tea was used as a cement replacement at weights of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. The effect of PWTA on the concrete properties was examined using the slump, density, compressive strength, porosity, chloride penetration depth, and microstructure as well as the embodied carbon content of concrete.

Phthalates are widely used as plasticizers in various products. However, only few studies have focused on its pollution in university dormitories and classrooms. In this study, we measured the airborne concentrations of phthalates in the dormitories and classrooms of a university in Beijing, China. We analyzed the pollution characteristics and possible sources of phthalates, used Monte Carlo simulation

Owing to recent advancements in Internet of Things technologies, data-driven model predictive control (MPC) has received significant research interest as a promising strategy to optimize building operation. As the MPC performance relies on the model prediction accuracy, complex building prediction models have been used in MPC applications, despite their high computational cost for optimization. This

With the exponential growth in population and commensurate increased density in urban cities, access to daylight and views to nature is being severely curtailed in buildings. In parallel, increasingly urgent demands to sharply reduce building energy use and associated greenhouse gas emissions are being made to mitigate climate change. There are many challenges and performance tradeoffs associated with

This study aimed relating the biological resistance of seven eucalypts wood species to xylophagous termites with physicochemical characteristics of wood under laboratory conditions. Two 12-year-old trees were randomly sampled by species to determine the basic density, and to chemical analyses and biological bioassay, a log of 2.20?m obtained from the first section of each tree was employed. For bioassays

The present study aims to investigate the residual properties of carbonation-cured belite-rich cement mortar exposed to a high temperature. The mortar was carbonation-cured with a 10% CO2 concentration for 28 days and was then exposed to elevated temperatures of 300?°C, 600?°C, 900?°C and 1200?°C. The findings revealed that the heat resistance of a cement mortar relative to that of standard water-cured

This paper details a design-led research project that developed a prototype soft anthropomorphic end-effector for use with a collaborative robot in the construction industry. As the construction industry changes to meet the demands of increasing populations and a lack of skilled trades workers, new approaches are needed. This design research explored a novel approach to construction by focusing on

Expert workers are often unable to articulate or convey their ‘physical wisdom’ to apprentices, as they tend to underestimate how difficult a task can be for apprentices. This can make it difficult for apprentices to learn from experts. This study aims to identify the proper working postures that experts develop as they gain experience. The methods utilized whole-body motion data and a k-means clustering

In this paper, a building air conditioning channel was simulated. In the channel, a number of rods made of phase-change material with triangular arrangement were placed. The air flow in the channel melts the phase change material during the day. During the night, the energy stored in the phase change material was used to heat the building. For this purpose, a building was designed and the amount of

The tunnelling-induced ground settlement is a key concern during urban underground construction. This paper examined the ground settlement caused by multi-line tunnelling with earth pressure balance shield in the clay stratum in Tianjin, China. Laboratory tests are conducted to determine the soil parameters used in the modified Cam-Clay model. The real-data numerical simulation achieves a good agreement

Wind turbines play an integral role in energy transition agendas. The optimized design of wind turbine foundations is a complex and intricate task that requires iterative running of computationally-intensive and time-consuming finite element models. However, given the popularity of these structures over the past two decades, there is a wealth of data from the designs of the past projects that can be

Occupant thermal-comfort complaints are the biggest operational headache of facilities managers. Many of the complaints can be attributed to the diverse nature of individuals’ thermal comfort needs which are not accounted for in the de facto standard for thermal comfort. This has motivated research on developing data-driven personal comfort models and incorporating them in control loops. But the progress

Sorption energy storage (SES) technology has been considered one of the promising solutions to cope with the ever-increasing carbon emissions from buildings. Nevertheless, it is still elusive the extrapolation of conclusions from pilot-scale experiments to full-scale ones. In the present work, a relaxation technique was introduced to develop a scale-up model for SES reactors. A full set of scaling

Considering the amount of existing buildings, decarbonizing the building stock requires new buildings designed to reach the highest performance. The nearly-Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) standard needs to be overtaken by Plus Energy Buildings (PEB) that presents the potential to produce more energy than the consumption over a specific period. Several studies investigated the potential of a building to

The implementation of radiative cooling materials can cool the substrate and the indoor air. It will generate energy saving for cooling in summer but increase the energy demand for heating in winter. In this study, a new method using TRNSYS integrated with MATLAB thermal model to calculate the energy saving for buildings with spectral-dependent radiative cooling roofs has been proposed. The energy-related

The construction sector, in addition to being very important for the economy of several countries, also has a significant impact on the environment as it causes a huge natural resources depletion and generates an enormous amount of waste. Therefore, the use of recycled aggregate from construction and demolition waste, instead of conventional aggregates, has a double environmental advantage: it decreases

Fire is a frequent disaster, which has lasting effects on mechanical properties of high-strength steel (HSS). For HSS structures after fire, it is important to assess if the structure can continue to service, should be repaired or demolished. The experimental and numerical investigations are performed to investigate the effects of exposure temperature on residual resistance of Q690 HSS plate girder

Geopolymer binders can be used as a sustainable alternative to Portland cement. Despite the extensive research regarding the influence of different parameters on the properties of geopolymers, the studies investigating the effect of Fe2O3 and MgO on the performance of geopolymer concrete are minimal. This study investigates the impact of micro Fe2O3 and MgO additives on the physical and mechanical

Steel fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC) consolidates under its own weight and has been shown to have the ability to provide an efficient reinforcement mechanism. The concrete with an adequate amount of steel fibre might increase the load and deformation capacities of the structural elements, particularly the tension dominant members. In this study, eight square slab specimens of the

Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is an engineered wood product made of multiple glued layers in the form of a panel suitable for flooring systems. CLT can also be mechanically connected to the concrete layer using the connector systems to create a CLT-concrete composite (CCC). This concept enhanced the structural performance of the floor and could be adopted for mid-and high-rise buildings. However, the

Building fan pressurization tests are based on a measurement method developed in the 1970s to estimate the airflow rate that penetrates the building envelope through unintentional openings. These tests are increasingly used for compliance checks with building energy performance requirements and may result in severe penalties. The uncertainty of the measurement results has therefore become a key concern

Multi-celled concrete filled steel tubular walls (MCFSTWs) have been widely used in engineering practice. A high MCFSTW can be constructed by assembling two medium-height wall segments that are butt welded with the connector. At the connecting part between two wall segments, the connector, welding seams and steel plates of upper and lower wall segments form the butt joint. Since the butt joint is susceptible

Significant materials research has focused on the reduction of concrete demolition waste via reuse in recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) and the reduction in cement emissions through the use of blended binders incorporating supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). This work is largely predicated on the assumption that the environmental impact of concrete will be reduced as a result of the inclusion

A novel inline inspection (ILI) approach using depth cameras array (DCA) is introduced to create high-fidelity, dense 3D pipeline models. A new camera calibration method is introduced to register the color and the depth information of the cameras into a unified pipe model. By incorporating the calibration outcomes into a robust camera motion estimation approach, dense and complete 3D pipe surface reconstruction

Housing construction and operating costs can be reduced if building codes are designed to meet local expectations of thermal comfort ─ expectations that can vary across cultures and climates. We analysed the energy and thermal comfort performance of 38 recently-built houses in the tropical savanna (Aw) climate of Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia with 4 to 7 star ratings according to the Nationwide

In this paper we identify drivers for energy poverty in Europe using machine learning. The establishment of predictors for energy poverty valid across countries is a call made by many experts, since it could provide a basis to effectively target energy-poor households with adequate policy measures. We apply a “low income, high expenditure” framework to classify households as being at risk of energy

Waste concrete as one of construction and demolition wastes is generally collected for the production of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) to alleviate environmental issues. However, the poor physical performances of RCA limit its application in concrete. Thanks to the rich silica-alumina contents and large reserves in China, the ceramic waste powder (CWP) is promising to be used as an effective supplementary

Experimental investigations were conducted on the behavior of three-dimensional (3-D) beam to L-shaped concrete encased steel (CES) composite column joint under seismic loading. A total of nine corner joints, including eight joint specimens with steel beam and one joint specimens with CES beam, were designed and tested. Test variables included the configuration of encased steel, axial compression ratio

To reduce wind-induced vibrations, Tuned Mass Dampers (TMD) are widely used in high-rise buildings. However, traditional TMD system requires large additional damping mass and huge installation space at the top floors of the building. In this paper, a novel distributed-Multiple Tuned Facade Damping (d-MTFD) system is investigated. This system employs the outer skin mass of the Double-Skin Facade (DSF)

Accurate short-term prediction of metro passenger flow can ensure the efficient operation of metro system and comfort and safety of passengers. Most existing studies use a single data source such as smart card data to predict metro passenger flow, which only consider the internal passenger flows of the metro system and fails to consider the potential passenger flows outside metro stations. However

Hybrid heating systems with ground source heat pumps (GSHP) and district heating and cooling offer flexibility in operation to both building owners and energy providers. The flexibility can be used to make the heating system more economical and environmentally friendly. However, due to the lack of suitable models that can accurately predict the long-term performance of the GSHP, there is uncertainty

This study was developed to investigate the potential re-utilization of waste incineration bottom ash (IBA) sourced from Southern Vietnam as a replacement for natural crushed sand in cement-based mortars. In this study, all of the mortar mixtures were designed using the novel densified mixture design algorithm with a detailed step-by-step standard operating procedure and an empirical example of the

Previous studies on the influence of boundary constraints on the structural collapse behavior have primarily focused on single-story sub-assemblages, and the limited research on multi-story frames is insufficient to accurately reflect the actual boundary constraints of each story. As these boundary constraints exert a significant influence on the internal force redistribution and development of load

Carbonation of hydrated cement paste not only directly impairs the durability of reinforced concrete structures, but also alters the chloride binding capacity of cement-based materials. Besides, incorporating supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) may influence both the durability against carbonation and the chloride binding capacity of binders. In this study, the chloride binding capacities of

Traditional probabilistic seismic risk analysis (PSRA) often adopts accurate limit state boundary to define the structural performance limit state, which ignores the fuzziness of limit state thresholds and boundary. In this paper, considering the fuzzy failure criterion, a novel PSRA method based on fuzzy-random hybrid model is proposed under multidimensional performance limit state. A multiple integral

This paper investigated the mechanical behaviour of tapered concrete-filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) members under combined axial compression and torsion. A series of experiments on CFDST specimens were tested including 8 tapered members and 2 normal members with various hollow ratios and axial compression ratios. The torsional performance of tapered members was analyzed on failure modes,

The performance of the floating geosynthetic-encased stone column–(GESC)-supported embankments with basal reinforcement was examined using a 3-dimensional (3D) hydro-mechanical coupling finite element model. Comprehensive parametric analyses were performed on the governing factors such as consistency of substratum soil, tensile stiffness of basal reinforcement and encasement, and embankment height

Steel reinforcement detailing is critical in the reinforced concrete (RC) frame design of collision-free rebar layouts. This paper presents a methodological framework for automated steel reinforcement detailing. An optimization model is developed to calculate optimal rebar combinations, where material cost and construction convenience are considered. The neighborhood field optimization (NFO) algorithm

Under the guidance of Shanghai Underground Space Concept Plan (2005–2020) (SUSCP 2005-2020), urban underground public space (UUPS) has been built and put into operation in metro-led areas of the central urban area of Shanghai. It helps to create extra space for public activities, strengthens local urban compactness and promotes local walkability and rail transit services. This study proposed two simple

Metro has already become one of the main transportation methods in big cities across the world. With the development of metro systems, lots of associated safety issues (e.g., fire accidents and terrorism attacks) have occurred in the past decades. Under such circumstances, studies on the safety evacuation of the metro station hall are very necessary. Due to high human-density, fluent evacuation is

With the increasing use of underground spaces for various functions, improving the comfort levels in such spaces has become imperative. Although this aspect has been largely addressed from a physical standpoint, psychological problems associated with underground spaces still remain a matter of concern. Different with the questionnaire survey-based method, a multi-category measurable method has been